Learning Domain: Earth's Place in the Universe

Standard: Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Earth's Systems

Standard: Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Earth and Human Activity

Standard: Use the results of a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Construct an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties, and revise, as needed.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the macroscopic scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Apply scientific principles and use evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Evaluate the design of a chemical system by changing conditions to produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium, and refine the design, as needed.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Matter and Its Interactions

Standard: Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Standard: Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of materials.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Energy

Standard: Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Energy

Standard: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Earth and Space Sciences

Topic: Space Systems

Standard: Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy in the form of radiation. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the energy transfer mechanisms that allow energy from nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to reach Earth. Examples of evidence for the model include observations of the masses and lifetimes of other stars, as well as the ways that the sun’s radiation varies due to sudden solar flares (“space weather”), the 11-year sunspot cycle, and non-cyclic variations over centuries.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include details of the atomic and sub-atomic processes involved with the sun’s nuclear fusion.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Earth and Space Sciences

Topic: Space Systems

Standard: Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the way nucleosynthesis, and therefore the different elements created, varies as a function of the mass of a star and the stage of its lifetime.] [Assessment Boundary: Details of the many different nucleosynthesis pathways for stars of differing masses are not assessed.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Earth and Space Sciences

Topic: Earth's Systems

Standard: Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on mechanical and chemical investigations with water and a variety of solid materials to provide the evidence for connections between the hydrologic cycle and system interactions commonly known as the rock cycle. Examples of mechanical investigations include stream transportation and deposition using a stream table, erosion using variations in soil moisture content, or frost wedging by the expansion of water as it freezes. Examples of chemical investigations include chemical weathering and recrystallization (by testing the solubility of different materials) or melt generation (by examining how water lowers the melting temperature of most solids).]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Earth and Space Sciences

Topic: Human Sustainability

Standard: Use a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity. [Clarification Statement: Examples of Earth systems to be considered are the hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and/or biosphere. An example of the far-reaching impacts from a human activity is how an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in an increase in photosynthetic biomass on land and an increase in ocean acidification, with resulting impacts on sea organism health and marine populations.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include running computational representations but is limited to using the published results of scientific computational models.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Structure and Properties of Matter

Standard: Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. [Clarification Statement: Examples of properties that could be predicted from patterns could include reactivity of metals, types of bonds formed, numbers of bonds formed, and reactions with oxygen.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to main group elements. Assessment does not include quantitative understanding of ionization energy beyond relative trends.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Chemical Reactions

Standard: Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. [Clarification Statement: Examples of chemical reactions could include the reaction of sodium and chlorine, of carbon and oxygen, or of carbon and hydrogen.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to chemical reactions involving main group elements and combustion reactions.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Structure and Properties of Matter

Standard: Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on understanding the strengths of forces between particles, not on naming specific intermolecular forces (such as dipole-dipole). Examples of particles could include ions, atoms, molecules, and networked materials (such as graphite). Examples of bulk properties of substances could include the melting point and boiling point, vapor pressure, and surface tension.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include Raoult’s law calculations of vapor pressure.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Chemical Reactions

Standard: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the idea that a chemical reaction is a system that affects the energy change. Examples of models could include molecular-level drawings and diagrams of reactions, graphs showing the relative energies of reactants and products, and representations showing energy is conserved.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include calculating the total bond energy changes during a chemical reaction from the bond energies of reactants and products.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Chemical Reactions

Standard: Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on student reasoning that focuses on the number and energy of collisions between molecules.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to simple reactions in which there are only two reactants; evidence from temperature, concentration, and rate data; and qualitative relationships between rate and temperature.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Structure and Properties of Matter

Standard: Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.* [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the application of Le Chatelier’s Principle and on refining designs of chemical reaction systems, including descriptions of the connection between changes made at the macroscopic level and what happens at the molecular level. Examples of designs could include different ways to increase product formation including adding reactants or removing products.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to specifying the change in only one variable at a time. Assessment does not include calculating equilibrium constants and concentrations.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Chemical Reactions

Standard: Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using mathematical ideas to communicate the proportional relationships between masses of atoms in the reactants and the products, and the translation of these relationships to the macroscopic scale using the mole as the conversion from the atomic to the macroscopic scale. Emphasis is on assessing students’ use of mathematical thinking and not on memorization and rote application of problem-solving techniques.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include complex chemical reactions.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Structure and Properties of Matter

Standard: Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on simple qualitative models, such as pictures or diagrams, and on the scale of energy released in nuclear processes relative to other kinds of transformations.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include quantitative calculation of energy released. Assessment is limited to alpha, beta, and gamma radioactive decays.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Standard: Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.* [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the attractive and repulsive forces that determine the functioning of the material. Examples could include why electrically conductive materials are often made of metal, flexible but durable materials are made up of long chained molecules, and pharmaceuticals are designed to interact with specific receptors.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to provided molecular structures of specific designed materials.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Energy

Standard: Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative positions of particles (objects). [Clarification Statement: Examples of phenomena at the macroscopic scale could include the conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy, the energy stored due to position of an object above the earth, and the energy stored between two electrically-charged plates. Examples of models could include diagrams, drawings, descriptions, and computer simulations.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Energy

Standard: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics). [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on analyzing data from student investigations and using mathematical thinking to describe the energy changes both quantitatively and conceptually. Examples of investigations could include mixing liquids at different initial temperatures or adding objects at different temperatures to water.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to investigations based on materials and tools provided to students.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)