Learning Domain: Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science

Standard: Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.

Degree of Alignment: 2 Strong (1 user)

Learning Domain: Energy

Standard: Apply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Ratios and Proportional Relationships

Standard: Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; convert units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Expressions and Equations

Standard: Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation. For example, in a problem involving motion at constant speed, list and graph ordered pairs of distances and times, and write the equation d = 65t to represent the relationship between distance and time.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Ratios and Proportional Relationships

Standard: Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Expressions and Equations

Standard: Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations as strategies to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. For example: If a woman making $25 an hour gets a 10% raise, she will make an additional 1/10 of her salary an hour, or $2.50, for a new salary of $27.50. If you want to place a towel bar 9 3/4 inches long in the center of a door that is 27 1/2 inches wide, you will need to place the bar about 9 inches from each edge; this estimate can be used as a check on the exact computation.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Functions: Interpreting Functions

Standard: For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity.*

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Functions: Interpreting Functions

Standard: Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.*

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Number and Quantity: Quantities

Standard: Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.*

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Mathematical Practices

Standard: Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Mathematically proficient students make sense of the quantities and their relationships in problem situations. Students bring two complementary abilities to bear on problems involving quantitative relationships: the ability to decontextualize"Óto abstract a given situation and represent it symbolically and manipulate the representing symbols as if they have a life of their own, without necessarily attending to their referents"Óand the ability to contextualize, to pause as needed during the manipulation process in order to probe into the referents for the symbols involved. Quantitative reasoning entails habits of creating a coherent representation of the problem at hand; considering the units involved; attending to the meaning of quantities, not just how to compute them; and knowing and flexibly using different properties of operations and objects.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Common Themes

Standard: A system usually has some properties that are different from those of its parts, but appear because of the interaction of those parts.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Common Themes

Standard: Understanding how things work and designing solutions to problems of almost any kind can be facilitated by systems analysis. In defining a system, it is important to specify its boundaries and subsystems, indicate its relation to other systems, and identify what its input and output are expected to be.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Common Themes

Standard: A system can include processes as well as things.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Common Themes

Standard: The behavior of a physical model cannot ever be expected to represent the full-scale phenomenon with complete accuracy, not even in the limited set of characteristics being studied. The inappropriateness of a model may be related to differences between the model and what is being modeled.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Common Themes

Standard: Graphs and equations are useful (and often equivalent) ways for depicting and analyzing patterns of change.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Common Themes

Standard: Symbolic equations can be used to summarize how the quantity of something changes over time or in response to other changes.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Use appropriate ratios and proportions, including constant rates, when needed to make calculations for solving real-world problems.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Use computer spreadsheet, graphing, and database programs to assist in quantitative analysis of real-world objects and events.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Convert quantities expressed in one unit of measurement into another unit of measurement when necessary to solve a real-world problem.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Make accurate measurements of length, volume, weight, elapsed time, rates, and temperature by using appropriate devices.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Use tables, charts, and graphs in making arguments and claims in oral, written, and visual presentations.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Organize information in simple tables and graphs and identify relationships they reveal.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: Habits of Mind

Standard: Interpret simple symbolic equations.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Science

Standard: Scientific investigations usually involve the collection of relevant data, the use of logical reasoning, and the application of imagination in devising hypotheses and explanations to make sense of the collected data.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Science

Standard: Computers have become invaluable in science, mathematics, and technology because they speed up and extend people's ability to collect, store, compile, and analyze data; prepare research reports; and share data and ideas with investigators all over the world.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Mathematics

Standard: Mathematics provides a precise language to describe objects and events and the relationships among them. In addition, mathematics provides tools for solving problems, analyzing data, and making logical arguments.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Technology

Standard: Mathematics, creativity, logic, and originality are all needed to improve technology.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Technology

Standard: Engineers, architects, and others who engage in design and technology use scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. They also usually have to take human values and limitations into account.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Technology

Standard: Factors such as cost, safety, appearance, environmental impact, and what will happen if the solution fails must be considered in technological design.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Nature of Technology

Standard: Scientific laws, engineering principles, properties of materials, and construction techniques must be taken into account in designing engineering solutions to problems.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Physical Setting

Standard: Energy can be transferred from one system to another (or from a system to its environment) in different ways: 1) thermally, when a warmer object is in contact with a cooler one; 2) mechanically, when two objects push or pull on each other over a distance; 3) electrically, when an electrical source such as a battery or generator is connected in a complete circuit to an electrical device; or 4) by electromagnetic waves.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Physical Setting

Standard: Energy appears in different forms and can be transformed within a system. Motion energy is associated with the speed of an object. Thermal energy is associated with the temperature of an object. Gravitational energy is associated with the height of an object above a reference point. Elastic energy is associated with the stretching or compressing of an elastic object. Chemical energy is associated with the composition of a substance. Electrical energy is associated with an electric current in a circuit. Light energy is associated with the frequency of electromagnetic waves.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Designed World

Standard: The useful energy output of a device—that is, what energy is available for further change—is always less than the energy input, with the difference usually appearing as thermal energy. One goal in the design of such devices is to make them as efficient as possible—that is, to maximize the useful output for a given input.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Designed World

Standard: Sunlight is the ultimate source of most of the energy we use. The energy in fossil fuels such as oil and coal comes from energy that plants captured from the sun long ago.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Learning Domain: The Designed World

Standard: Some resources are not renewable or renew very slowly. Fuels already accumulated in the earth, for instance, will become more difficult to obtain as the most readily available resources run out. How long the resources will last, however, is difficult to predict. The ultimate limit may be the prohibitive cost of obtaining them.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science

Topic: Engineering Design

Standard: Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Energy

Standard: Apply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of devices could include an insulated box, a solar cooker, and a Styrofoam cup.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include calculating the total amount of thermal energy transferred.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Science Domain: Physical Sciences

Topic: Energy

Standard: Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.* [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of devices. Examples of devices could include Rube Goldberg devices, wind turbines, solar cells, solar ovens, and generators. Examples of constraints could include use of renewable energy forms and efficiency.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment for quantitative evaluations is limited to total output for a given input. Assessment is limited to devices constructed with materials provided to students.]

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems

Standard: Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units; manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables

Standard: Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation. For example, in a problem involving motion at constant speed, list and graph ordered pairs of distances and times, and write the equation d = 65t to represent the relationship between distance and time.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations

Standard: Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations as strategies to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. For example: If a woman making $25 an hour gets a 10% raise, she will make an additional 1/10 of her salary an hour, or $2.50, for a new salary of $27.50. If you want to place a towel bar 9 3/4 inches long in the center of a door that is 27 1/2 inches wide, you will need to place the bar about 9 inches from each edge; this estimate can be used as a check on the exact computation.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems

Standard: Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.*

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context

Standard: For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity.*

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context

Standard: Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.*

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)

Cluster: Mathematical practices

Standard: Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Mathematically proficient students make sense of the quantities and their relationships in problem situations. Students bring two complementary abilities to bear on problems involving quantitative relationships: the ability to decontextualize—to abstract a given situation and represent it symbolically and manipulate the representing symbols as if they have a life of their own, without necessarily attending to their referents—and the ability to contextualize, to pause as needed during the manipulation process in order to probe into the referents for the symbols involved. Quantitative reasoning entails habits of creating a coherent representation of the problem at hand; considering the units involved; attending to the meaning of quantities, not just how to compute them; and knowing and flexibly using different properties of operations and objects.

Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)