Description
- Overview:
- "Students connect polynomial arithmetic to computations with whole numbers and integers. Students learn that the arithmetic of rational expressions is governed by the same rules as the arithmetic of rational numbers. This unit helps students see connections between solutions to polynomial equations, zeros of polynomials, and graphs of polynomial functions. Polynomial equations are solved over the set of complex numbers, leading to a beginning understanding of the fundamental theorem of algebra. Application and modeling problems connect multiple representations and include both real world and purely mathematical situations.
Find the rest of the EngageNY Mathematics resources at https://archive.org/details/engageny-mathematics.
- Subject:
- Algebra
- Level:
- High School
- Material Type:
- Module
- Provider:
- New York State Education Department
- Provider Set:
- EngageNY
- Date Added:
- 05/14/2013
- License:
-
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike
- Language:
- English
- Media Format:
- Text/HTML
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Standards
Learning Domain: Algebra: Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Functions
Standard: Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x - a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x - a) is a factor of p(x).
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Functions
Standard: Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Functions
Standard: Prove polynomial identities and use them to describe numerical relationships. For example, the polynomial identity (x^2 + y^2)^2 = (x^2 - y^2)^2 + (2xy)^2 can be used to generate Pythagorean triples.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Functions
Standard: Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x) + r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), and r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x), using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
Standard: Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
Standard: Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
Standard: Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
Standard: Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. For example, find the points of intersection between the line y = -3x and the circle x^2 + y^2 = 3.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Algebra: Seeing Structure in Expressions
Standard: Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. For example, see x^4 - y^4 as (x^2)^2 - (y^2)^2, thus recognizing it as a difference of squares that can be factored as (x^2 - y^2)(x^2 + y^2).
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Functions: Interpreting Functions
Standard: Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.*
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Geometry: Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations
Standard: Derive the equation of a parabola given a focus and directrix.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Number and Quantity: The Complex Number System
Standard: Know there is a complex number i such that i^2 = ‰öŐ1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Number and Quantity: The Complex Number System
Standard: Use the relation i^2 = -1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Number and Quantity: The Complex Number System
Standard: Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Learning Domain: Number and Quantity: Quantities
Standard: Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.*
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems
Standard: Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.*
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers
Standard: Know there is a complex number i such that i^2 = −1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers
Standard: Use the relation i^2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations
Standard: Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Interpret the structure of expressions.
Standard: Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. For example, see x^4 – y^4 as (x^2)^2 – (y^2)^2, thus recognizing it as a difference of squares that can be factored as (x^2 – y^2)(x^2 + y^2).
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomial
Standard: Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x – a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x – a) is a factor of p(x).
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomial
Standard: Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Use polynomial identities to solve problems
Standard: Prove polynomial identities and use them to describe numerical relationships. For example, the polynomial identity (x^2 + y^2)^2 = (x^2 – y^2)^2 + (2xy)^2 can be used to generate Pythagorean triples.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Rewrite rational expressions
Standard: Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x) + r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), and r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x), using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning
Standard: Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning
Standard: Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Solve systems of equations
Standard: Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Solve systems of equations
Standard: Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. For example, find the points of intersection between the line y = –3x and the circle x^2 + y^2 = 3.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Analyze functions using different representations
Standard: Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.*
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
Cluster: Translate between the geometric description and the equation for a conic section
Standard: Derive the equation of a parabola given a focus and directrix.
Degree of Alignment: Not Rated (0 users)
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