Cognitive Psychology is a psychological science which is interested in various mind and brain related subfields such as cognition, the mental processes that underlie behavior, reasoning and decision making.

This book is an introduction to communication theory — the theory of how humans share, encode, and decode what they know, what they need, and what they expect from each other.

Everyone has their own view of the nature of consciousness based on their education and background. The intention of this book is to expand this view by providing an insight into the various ideas and beliefs on the subject as well as a review of current work in neuroscience. The neuroscientist should find the philosophical discussion interesting because this provides first-person insights into the nature of consciousness and also provides some subtle arguments about why consciousness is not a simple problem. The student of philosophy will find a useful introduction to the subject and information about neuroscience and physics that is difficult to acquire elsewhere.

This Wikibook is about educational psychology—the study of how learning and teaching occur in educational settings.

Control Systems is an inter-disciplinary engineering text that analyzes the effects and interactions of mathematical systems. This book is for third and fourth year undergraduates in an engineering program.

This webpage provides over 20 basic conversational phrases and terms, all of which are used in most everyday discussions across the Arabic-speaking world. The terms and phrases are presented in transliterated form with English translation; no Arabic script is used.

This textbook aims to provide an introduction to the field of cultural anthropology. The initial chapters introduce the concept of culture and review the historical, theoretical, and methodological influences on the field. Chapters four through twelve discuss the major domains of the study of culture; symbolism, communication, ritual, production, healing, rights, reproduction, kinship, conflict, and globalization. These chapters provide ethnographic examples (both etic and emic perspectives) and case studies to support the central concepts in each chapter. Additional case studies are available via the Anthrobase website and others can be developed in wikibook format and integrated through links in this book.

One of the many challenges facing the countries in the Asia-Pacific today is preparing their societies and governments for globalization and the information and communication revolution. Policy-makers, business executives, NGO activists, academics, and ordinary citizens are increasingly concerned with the need to make their societies competitive in the emergent information economy.

The e-ASEAN Task Force and the UNDP Asia Pacific Development Information Programme (UNDP-APDIP) share the belief that with enabling information and communication technologies (ICTs), countries can face the challenge of the information age. With ICTs they can leap forth to higher levels of social, economic and political development. We hope that in making this leap, policy and decision-makers, planners, researchers, development practitioners, opinion-makers, and others will find this series of e-primers on the information economy, society, and polity useful.

This style guide is an introductory wikibook for beginners who want to produce political messages in various media formats. It is not a rule book; rather, it is a set of guidelines to facilitate effective political communication. Its purpose is to bridge the gap between two distinct styles to create pragmatic, clear, and useful information to establish a consistent tone, style, and format between all of the messages you or your organization produces.

It is meant as a practical guide for anyone, regardless of political affiliation, and it is organized in such a way that a person new to political communication can learn to create convincing and thought-provoking op-eds, letters to the editor, press releases, social media posts, website content, and spoken messages.

This textbook is written for an audience of introductory college students in a non-science degree program. It is intended to provide a detailed comprehensive knowledge of Planet Earth, including basic aspects of physics, chemistry, geology and biology. As a major scientific overview of the entirety of Planet Earth, the intention is to only present key concepts that will enhance, enrich, and engage the readers interest in Earth Sciences. It is intended to make any reader, such as yourself, at least a little more knowledgeable of the amazing place that we all live within. Hosted as a WikiBook.

This project discovers the history of Modern Europe, starting at the Hundred Years War and ending at the present time.
A chronological perspective of history is attempted within this text. Although this is the case, it is also important to understand patterns within European History, therefore chapters will attempt to cover a breadth of material even though their titles might be that of a specific pattern in history rather than a time period.

This book covers in depth all topics required for a standard first aid course, and also includes a section on advanced topics. The basics covered include: Primary assessment and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); Legal aspects of first aid, including negligence and consent; Circulatory emergencies, such as bleeding, heart attack and stroke; Respiratory emergencies, such as asthma and anaphylactic shock; Internal injuries, such as broken bones, chest injuries, and internal bleeding; Burns, seizures and other medical conditions.

This is the first edition of a textbook created and edited as part of an education course, ESSE 474/574, at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA. The book's primary contributors have been graduate and undergraduate, preservice and present teachers.

Our goals for this project are manifold, but we would like to take a minute to highlight some of those that we consider most important. First, we want to prove that a student-authored textbook can be of a quality equal to that of a traditional textbook. After all, it seems counter-intuitive to imagine that students could learn from a textbook that is too sophisticated for them to have written themselves. Furthermore, this text should serve as proof that, due to the vast availability of information via the Internet, traditional textbooks written by intellectual elites are no longer necessary to the same degree they were before the Information Age. Next, the process of creating this text will serve to empower preservice teachers with knowledge of technology and other skills such as effective communication and self-/peer-editing that will serve them well when they enter the classroom later, as teachers.

If you have stumbled onto this book by mistake, we encourage you to take a few minutes and read a chapter or two. After reading, feel free to click the blue rating buttons at the bottom of each page. This will help us identify the highest- and lowest-quality sections.

Each section of each chapter of this book was researched and developed by three students individually; thus, there are three articles that correspond to each section of each chapter. The students rated their peers articles to determine which was most useful. Those articles voted most useful can be found in each chapter's main page. Those articles which were not selected as most useful contain some very good information, and you may find them in the sections labeled "Supplemental Materials."

LEARNING TARGETS: Reader will recognize the social effects of school on a child's life. Reader will recognize the intellectual effects of school on a child's life. Reader will know when the first school came into existence.

This book is aimed at undergraduate civil engineering students, though the material may provide a useful review for practitioners and graduate students in transportation. Typically, this would be for an Introduction to Transportation course, which might be taken by most students in their sophomore or junior year. Often this is the first engineering course students take, which requires a switch in thinking from simply solving given problems to formulating the problem mathematically before solving it, i.e. from straight-forward calculation often found in undergraduate Calculus to vaguer word problems more reflective of the real world.

On the 28th of April 2012 the contents of the English as well as German Wikibooks and Wikipedia
projects were licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. An
URI to this license is given in the list of figures on page 175. If this document is a derived work
from the contents of one of these projects and the content was still licensed by the project under
this license at the time of derivation this document has to be licensed under the same, a similar or a
compatible license, as stated in section 4b of the license. The list of contributors is included in chapter
Contributors on page 169. The licenses GPL, LGPL and GFDL are included in chapter Licenses on
page 179, since this book and/or parts of it may or may not be licensed under one or more of these
licenses, and thus require inclusion of these licenses. The licenses of the figures are given in the list of
figures on page 175. This PDF was generated by the LATEX typesetting software. The LATEX source
code is included as an attachment (source.7z.txt) in this PDF file. To extract the source from the
PDF file, we recommend the use of http://www.pdflabs.com/tools/pdftk-the-pdf-toolkit/
utility or clicking the paper clip attachment symbol on the lower left of your PDF Viewer, selecting
Save Attachment. After extracting it from the PDF file you have to rename it to source.7z. To
uncompress the resulting archive we recommend the use of http://www.7-zip.org/. The LATEX
source itself was generated by a program written by Dirk Hünniger, which is freely available under
an open source license from http://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Benutzer:Dirk_Huenniger/wb2pdf.
This distribution also contains a configured version of the pdflatex compiler with all necessary
packages and fonts needed to compile the LATEX source included in this PDF file.

The word biology means, "the science of life", from the Greek bios, life, and logos, word or knowledge. Therefore, Biology is the science of Living Things. That is why Biology is sometimes known as Life Science.

The word biology means, "the science of life", from the Greek bios, life, and logos, word or knowledge. Therefore, Biology is the science of Living Things. That is why Biology is sometimes known as Life Science.

Wikibooks is a collaborative book authoring website, where users from all over the world work together to write textbooks and other types of instructional books on many topics. It is a Wikimedia project, operated by the same group of people who run Wikipedia, the Wikimedia Foundation. You can edit this page, and almost all pages like it, at any time. That is the basic principle of Wikibooks: anyone can edit it.

The modern human experience places a large emphasis upon the material world. From the day of our birth to the day we die, we are frequently preoccupied with the world around us. Whether struggling to feed ourselves, occupying ourselves with modern inventions, interacting with other people or animals, or simply meditating on the air we breathe, our attention is focused on different aspects of the material world. In fact only a handful of disciplines—certain subsets of religion, philosophy, and abstract math—can be considered completely unrelated to the material world. Everything else is somehow related to chemistry, the scientific discipline which studies the properties, composition, and transformation of matter.

In this book we aim to introduce you both to the Haskell language, from the very basics to advanced features, and to computer programming in general. We urge seasoned programmers to be especially patient with this process. In all likelihood, the languages you are most familiar with differ greatly from Haskell, and habits from those languages might make it more difficult to understand how things work − they are simple, but different. Face learning to see the world through the warped mindset of a functional programmer as an adventure in a brave new world, which will bring you understanding valuable far beyond the boundaries of any language.